Macroeconomics College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Macroeconomics College - Essay Example 1. Trade courses of action with no different lawful delicate - These are nations that have a place with a cash association where there is a typical lawful delicate that are utilized by all the individuals. A case of this is the Eurodollar of the European Union. 2. Money board courses of action - a sort of conversion scale system actualized by the administration dependent on an express authoritative responsibility in trading its neighborhood cash for a particular outside cash with relating limitations that guarantees the consistence of its lawful commitment. 3. Traditional fixed peg courses of action - a nation's swapping scale system that pegs its cash inside edges of less that 1 percent as contrasted and another money; a helpful plan; or a crate of monetary standards, where the bushel is shaped from the monetary forms of significant exchanging or budgetary accomplices and loads mirror the land appropriation of exchange, administrations, or capital streams. 4. Pegged trade rates inside level groups - The money's worth is kept up inside specific edges of change of more than 1 percent around a fixed focal rate or the edge between the most extreme and least estimation of the swapping scale surpasses 2 percent. 5. ... 6. Trade rates inside creeping groups - The money is kept up inside certain variance edges of at any rate 1 percent around a focal rate-or the edge between the most extreme and least estimation of the swapping scale surpasses 2 percent-and the focal rate or edges are balanced intermittently at a fixed rate or in light of changes in specific quantitative pointers. 7. Overseen coasting with no foreordained way for the conversion scale - impact of the financial power to the swapping scale is done in this without having a particular conversion standard way or target. 8. Autonomously skimming - Under this the market is the one that decides the conversion standard. The national bank mediates in the outside trade showcase with the plan to direct the pace of progress and to forestall undue variances in the conversion scale, as opposed to forcing a level for it (De Facto Classification of Exchange Rate Regimes and Monetary Policy Framework). It is the duty of a country's national bank to pick the proper conversion standard system for its own nation. Monetary directors, especially national bank heads, in a nation utilize this as a device to keep up financial soundness. The significance of having the proper and fitting conversion standard system for a particular nation is to shield the nation from its vulnerability to make financial issues in light of its fiscal position's capacity. Each sort of swapping scale systems shows various attributes and creates various outcomes. Renaming the current accepted conversion scale systems specified above will result into the combination of the eight systems into three: skimming, fixed and pegged swapping scale. For Hanke

Aristotle Tragic Hero Essay Example

Aristotle Tragic Hero Essay Example Aristotle Tragic Hero Paper Aristotle Tragic Hero Paper Paper Topic: Internment Rites Awful Heroes Be that as it may, lamentable saints have happened over and over throughout the entire existence of writing. Shakespeare had his own image of seething legends like Othello, Romeo, Macbeth and Hamlet. These celebrated Shakespearean characters didn't coordinate the grievous saints of Sophocles, Aeschylus and Euripides on whose works Aristotle had based his hypothesis however they are unfortunate legends none the less. For instance, the terrible defect of Hamlet was inaction. Presently we can contend finally whether Aristotle would classes Hamlet as a sad legend in light of the fact that something like this was unfathomable in his time. Intentionally or unwittingly, Milton additionally gave us a heartbreaking legend In Satan of Paradise Lost. Once more, It might be somewhat difficult to process that a scriptural scoundrel can be Interpreted as appalling legend however such is the excellence of writing. Satan is saint since he has incredible administration characteristics. His popular discourse, preferred to reign in damnation over to serve in paradise unmistakably shows his order over himself and the individuals around him. He represents information rather than confidence. His heartbreaking defect is narcissism; he is a lot in affection with himself to look past. In this way, in the event that we put aside the Christian qualities, which obviously didn't exist in Aristotle time, at that point Satan could without much of a stretch be a terrible saint. Current authors have introduced completely straightforward and customary individuals with no chivalrous elites at all as lamentable legends. The most fitting model would be Wily Loan from Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller. Advance Is a little league representative, excessively little In height to be a legend In the Aristotelian school yet he battles on to accomplish his American dream. He ignores his own disappointments by Investing Nils no In Nils children achievement Ana In ten Ana Don Nils children regard Ana t American dream dodge him and lead him to self destruction. Throughout the years Aristotle awful saint has been deciphered by various creators with act of spontaneities, varieties and alternate points of view yet every one of them can be followed jack the first portrayal of an unfortunate legend by Aristotle recorded in Poetics. Qualities of a Tragic Hero 1. Goodness: First and chief the character ought to be acceptable. (Poetics) Humphrey House deciphers the word great as morally great and not as genuine as some different pundits have said. This quality of goodness establishes the very framework of Aristotle idea of disastrous saint since it excites the sentiment of compassion or all the more suitably feel sorry for the character. An awful keeps an eye on transgress may inspire compassion yet feel sorry for is a feeling that is stimulated for a character that is innately acceptable. Goodness underscored by Aristotle isn't profound quality, as we comprehend it today. Aristotle wrote in the pre-Christian time and hence there are no Christian estimations of obedience, modesty, virtue, noble cause, etc in goodness. For Aristotle, goodness would be related with fortitude, balance, freedom, delicacy, honesty, agreeableness and even cleverness. 3 To delineate a post-present day understanding of the nature of goodness in a sad legend we can investigations crafted by J. K. Irritating, which is the Harry Potter arrangement. It is basically a dream novel arrangement in seven sections. It is set in present day England and makes a totally different universe of enchantment inside the domain of existing reality. It makes you wonder if your nearby neighbor whom you generally viewed as strange is really a wizard having a place with this mystery mysterious world. The hero of this novel-arrangement is a teenaged wizard, Harry Potter. He has the inheritance of having obliterated the darkest and most remarkable wizard all things considered, Voltmeter at two years old. Harry loses his folks in this episode and is raised by his maternal aunties family (hesitantly and carelessly). In this way, he doesn't have NY information on his otherworldly status until he gets an owl (letters in the enchanted world are conveyed by owls) from Hogwashs school of Witchcraft and Wizardry at eleven years old requesting that he Join school. With this, his undertakings in the otherworldly world start where he finds his past and makes his future at the same time battling to remain alive. Harry disregarding having endure an incredible catastrophe at a youthful age and battling a persistently over an amazing span is definitely not a sad legend since he speaks to seek after the supernatural network and along these lines can't stand to fall. Numerous perusers have deciphered the character of Harry Portions (a mystical subject comparable to science) teacher, Severs Snaps as that of a heartbreaking saint. Snakes character swings with each book in the arrangement getting awful to more awful. To start with, he is depicted as a villous miscreant Decease nee appears to nylon a mystery resentment against Harry and makes a special effort to make life hard for him at Hogwashs. As the arrangement advances the reason to the resentment is uncovered, it is a harsh relationship Snaps imparted to Harry father when the two were in school together. Snaps has gained notoriety for encouraging Dark enchantment and was before a passionate adherent of the famous Voltmeter. The development to Snakes character is with the end goal that until the snapshot of revelation one doesn't have the foggiest idea about his disaster, which happened to be his adoration for Harry mother, Lily. In the tussle between Dark expressions and Lily, he picks the previous and loses her eternity. In any case, he keeps on cherishing her much after her lamentable passing coming about because of dull expressions. Her passing turns him around. Behind the blurred of aversion, he secures her lone kid Harry lastly sets out his life for him. This arrives in a flashback at the ND of the last novel of the arrangement. For this situation, the change from numbness to information isn't for the character however from the perusers, which is the specific opposite of what might occur in Classical Greek catastrophe that Aristotle portrays. Presently it might be contended that Snaps is to a greater degree a Byronic saint that a lamentable legend which obviously has some level of truth. In what manner can a character who is now fallen be a disastrous legend? Be that as it may, in the event that we look carefully Snakes passing that happens Just after the flashback prompting revelation is a fall and it stirs a huge impact of pity for IM with respect to perusers in light of the fact that the feeling of pity is bound with the blame of having misjudged him along. In the event that integrity in a shocking saint isn't self-evident, it is goodness by the by and in this manner Snaps is as much a deplorable legend as Oedipus. Propriety of Character: Beater deciphers suitability to be nothing at fluctuation with that of the class to which the individual has a place. _3 Lucas goes above and beyond by saying consistent with type. _3 House contends that Aristotle didn't need the artist to make just run of the mill characters. He composes, There is no word in Greek at all comparing to type_3 The pole proper deciphered from Greek generally implies fitting however fitting what or who is not entirely clear. The Aristotelian appalling legend consistently has a high station in the public arena, so we may accept that the character must fit a place of intensity however that is too oversimplified a suspicion. Aristotle is enlightening not prescriptive. He depicts the Greek society he lived in, where a man couldn't transcend the class he was conceived in and ladies were not even residents. Along these lines when we says that ladies are substandard and slaves are unimportant regardless of whether they happen to have goodness then he implies that the crowd would not take such a saint with the earnestness because of an unfortunate legend. In any case, he doesn't propose that female awful saint can't exist. A similar Sophocles who composed Oedipus Rexes composed a disaster named Antigen, which has a female shocking saint. Antigen is a piece of the Thebes plays. After Oedipus leaves Thebes, there is a fight for the seat where the two children of Oedipus wind up slaughtering one another. Warble, the brother by marriage of Oedipus become the lord and requests one of the siblings to be left to decay on the combat zone since he was the assailant. I Nils Is ten most noticeably awful Tort Insult to a Greek warrior Ana lupuss gaunter Antigen can't process this shame allotted to her sibling. She is torn between her affection for her family and her dedication to the King. She chooses to give her sibling an entombment and is discovered doing as such. Warble gives her a capital punishment yet her mental fortitude and feeling of obligation wins her the compassion of the individuals of Thebes. The deplorable blemish of Antigen is her egotism, her assurance to act alone. That is the reason she reprimands help from her sister and darling (Screens child) prompting her self-caused demise. Antigen is a suitable character since she is a womanly lady as Humphrey House puts it. She is wistful, adoring, puts stock in making the best choice and is gutsy accommodating her imperial status. Had she been aimlessly goal-oriented like Lady Macbeth or unfaithful as Cleopatra then Aristotle would have discovered her masculine and in this manner unseemly. Similarity of Character The third is to make them like (Poetics) The most satisfactory translation of this trademark is resemblance to unique. Blender deciphers it, as like THE truth Butcher says, character must be consistent with fife 4 Aristotle doesn't make reference to like what? furthermore, in this way we are allowed to make our own decisions. Along these lines, the most probable importance of like would be looking to some extent like genuine r basically convincing. Consistency Consistency is an undeniable trait of any character. A character must have predictable to appear to be genuine or trustworthy. In any case, consistency doesn't mean consistency. Aristotle plainly expresses that a character can be reliably conflicting. Consistency can be deciphered as an intelligible example of conduct or constant inclination. For instance, Oedipus of Oedipus Rexes, is a man related with retreats and in this way we anticipate that him should keep his statement and gouge out his eyes in contrition. It is stunning yet reasonable. In any case, if a low-lifer like Ago of Othello shows a similar sort of contrition then it would be an irregularity. This is on the grounds that there is no pri

Richman Investments- Acceptable Use Policy Free Essays

Richman Investments-Acceptable Use Policy Richman Investments is the name for its establishment of the Richman Investments programming from Jive Software making a virtual (kind of organization) network. It is a Web-based virtual network where individuals work together on records, share understanding and best practices and trade thoughts. Enrolled Users of Richman Investments are urged to be open and casual in their utilization of Richman Investments †one of the advantages of the framework is that it endeavors to encourage the sort of openness and casual conversation that generally one just finds at face to face gatherings. We will compose a custom article test on Richman Investments-Acceptable Use Policy or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now It is for the most part assumed that Users will act in an expert way; by and by, as enrollment and support develop, it is imperative to diagram a conventional guide for lead for this new amazing specialized instrument. Interest in Richman Investments is dependent upon acknowledgment of this Acceptable Use Policy. This Policy plots the terms and conditions for utilization of the Richman Investments Areas secured incorporate who is approved to utilize Richman Investments rules for online conduct, and rules for the treatment of secure and copyright-ensured materials. Richman Investments maintains whatever authority is needed to square or limit access to content regarded to be hurtful, hostile, or in any case infringing upon this Acceptable Use Policy. Besides, Richman Investments maintains whatever authority is needed to screen and to reveal any data as regarded important to fulfill any law, to work its administrations appropriately, or to secure itself or its Registered Users. Approved Use The system is given by Richman Investments to the advantage of Registered Users as per obligations as a representative of Richman Investments. Richman Investments may likewise stretch out a User ID to people with whom it has uncommon working relationship, for example, an advisor. Client IDs are not transferrable. They are proposed for the elite utilization of the person to whom they are given. Extra User IDs are accessible, upon demand, from Richman Investments. The arrangement of User IDs to singular clients is at the watchfulness of the Richman Investments, on the counsel of the Sponsoring Organization. A User ID might be incapacitated because of an adjustment in business or advisory group participation status, upon the solicitation of the Sponsoring Organization or for infringement of the Acceptable Terms of Use. Privacy Information shared and put away inside Richman Investments it is viewed as an expansion of the work led inside the typical everyday operations of Richman Investments and Council International. It is dependent upon indistinguishable necessities for classification from affiliation work led through email, telephone calls or in-person gatherings. Copyright Registered Users of Richman Investments consent to submit to every single pertinent law on the utilization of duplicate composed materials. As needs be, consideration ought to be paid to not post Copyright Protected Material †material for which an association has not agreed to its far reaching dissemination in channels other than its own. This incorporates, however isn't restricted to, the posting of whole media articles, or exclusive research. Things planned for redistribution, for example, public statements or special materials, might be posted. It likewise is impeccably adequate to cite bits of ensured material, reword the material and Hyperlink to the material in its unique outside area. Proficient Conduct It is for the most part assumed that Users will behave in an expert way; all things considered, the accompanying activities comprise inadmissible utilization of Richman Investments: * Violating any law of, or submitting conduct that is convoluted or unlawful in, any material locale. * Displaying, performing, sending, getting or putting away any substance that is vulgar, obscene, scurrilous, prurient, or exorbitantly vicious, whether or not the material or its scattering is unlawful. Supporting or empowering brutality against any administration, association, gathering, individual or property, or giving guidance, data, or help with causing or completing such viciousness. * Actively trying to get unapproved access to any piece of Richman Investments system, administration, or record or utilizing Richman Investments to get unapproved access to any system, administration or record. * Interfering with administration to some other Registered User, by utilization of any pr ogram, content, order, or something else. Presenting or initiating any infections, worms, destructive code as well as Trojan ponies inside Richman Investments  â â â * Holding Richman Investments, its offshoots, officials, workers up to open disdain or derision. * Gambling Definitions (Type of organization) Link Community: All substance and Registered User data contained inside the User ID controlled regions of Richman Investments. Network or Sub-Community: The spaces inside which substance is composed, as a rule by branch of knowledge (Communities additionally contain Sub-Communities). Copyright Protected Material: Material ensured by pertinent copyright laws, and for which an association has not agreed to its across the board conveyance through outer channels. Hyperlink: Provide a hyperlink to a page or thing found somewhere else inside Richman Investments on an outside Web website. Authorizations: The entrance rights gave to Registered Users to get to specific Communities and Sub-Communities Restricted Community or Sub-Community: A Community of Sub-Community for which access is limited to a pre-characterized gathering of Registered Users. Enlisted User (Active User, User): A person with a â€Å"Active† User ID for Richman Investments (User IDs are not erased from the framework. They are either â€Å"Active,† meaning they give access, or â€Å"Disabled†). Client: Presumed to be an Active User except if explicitly alluded to as a â€Å"Disabled User† User ID: A username and secret phrase for Richman Investments (User IDs are not erased from the framework. It is either â€Å"Active,† meaning it permits access, or â€Å"Disabled†) Instructions to refer to Richman Investments-Acceptable Use Policy, Essay models

Literature Review Relating to Compulsive Buying Behaviour - 4950 Words

Literature Review Relating to Online Compulsive Buying Behaviour (Dissertation Sample) Content: Online COMPULSIVE BUYING BEHAVIORByBolaji Morakinyo12811Table of Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u 1.0Introduction32.0Literature Review62.1Characteristics of Online Compulsive buyers (male, female, poor, rich, low-esteem) PAGEREF _Toc427073028 \h 62.2 Factors influencing people to become compulsive buyers PAGEREF _Toc427073029 \h 92.3Marketing Factors encouraging compulsive buying among online clothing shoppers102.3.1 Price102.3.2 Sales promotion112.3.3 Payment mode112.3.4 Related works122.4Marketing Strategies132.4.1 Competitive advantages132.4.2 Quality of product132.4.3. Promotion strategies142.4.4 Distribution Channels143.0Methodology154.0Bibliography20ONLINE COMPULSIVE BEHAVIOR 1 IntroductionThis is a study that seeks to explore online compulsive buying. Compulsive buying is a repetitive and chronic purchasing conduct that becomes the primary response to adverse conditions or feelings. This paper builds on the habitual tendencies of making unplanned purchases. The behaviour has harmful effects on the individual and the society as well. Some of the consequences include; bankruptcy, anxiety, credit card debt, small saving, high level of debts, frustration, dysfunctional families and low self-esteem among others.The paper illuminates extensively on online compulsive buying behaviour, identifying the major characteristics, the type of people prone to the condition, the primary triggers that influence people to purchase compulsively and marketing to take advantage of compulsive buyers among other issues.Compulsive buying behaviour is an important issue that requires attention in the field of consumer behaviour research. Exploring the nature of the phenomenon as a negative aspect of how consumers behave, provides new and improved techniques for the study in terms of optimistic consumption behaviours. Further, a study conducted on negative aspects is useful as it contributes to the wellbeing of the society by correcting and improving the curren t situation.A qualitative study has been conducted to undertake the research, particularly on secondary data. Data has been collected by reviewing peer-reviewed journals on compulsive buying, articles, and other reliable literature to get a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon and to have a broad range of opinions from different researchers.Compulsive buying is a behavioural disorder characterized by severe personal and societal consequences. Consumers with this condition have a strong urge to purchase items regardless of the psychological, social or financial implications. The phenomenon has hallmarks of economic hardships that lead to a chain of social and family relationship problems (Faber, 2010, p. 90).The condition comes from multifaceted causes, ranging from bad moods, response to hardships, attempt to improve self-image and a way to seek societal acceptance among others. Compulsive buying does not heal any of the above-mentioned conditions; therefore, an individual will keep on buying hoping to achieve the desired goal. However, since there is no healing that results after compulsive buying, the behaviour becomes repetitive.Compulsive buyers originate from all social backgrounds, and anyone could fall into this trap though the vast majority are women. Compulsive buyers go out to buy so as to get a rush that is likened to getting high for alcohol addicts and other drug users. Compulsive buying behaviour is more associated with women as compared to men. It is a general observation that most women buy things they do not need. Specific triggers will make them compulsive about purchasing particular items. For instance, during holiday seasons women will buy kitchen items, others buy clothes and shoes, and others buy anything. Further, it is evident that women with the compulsive disorder will have racks full of clothes and other possessions, yet some of them still have the price tags implying they have never been used. Unlike most men on the other h and who will only buy things only when there is a need.Compulsive buyers appear to be financially irresponsible; however, the behaviour is not only economically devastating but also mentally, socially and emotionally disturbing. These individuals do not consider the intrinsic value of the items on the purchase, the reason that leads to financial difficulties. More so, they live in denial because to them this is not considered as a disorder. Some of them who attempt to overcome the condition, end up failing because it is an addiction that disrupts a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s way of living. They are trapped in a dangerous cycle (Kellett Bolton, 2009, p. 89).Anyone can be easily trapped in this quagmire, but women are more prone to the condition. This is because women are the primary shoppers, so they have high compulsivity tendencies. Further, shopping has significant symbolism and an emotional role for women. They can deal with boredom, low self-esteem, stress and depression after shopping . Some of the adverse effects of compulsive buying include credit card debts, suicide attempts, embezzlement, bankruptcy and marital conflict among others.The current society is highly materialistic as well as consumer driven. Besides, there is a variety of products to buy; thus it is easy to spend. Individuals overspend while shopping to fill various gaps in their lives. People are different, thus will do it for various reasons. Some will buy compulsively to feel more secure or better about themselves. For this reason, a try to distract them from purchasing so as to undertake other important issues will not help because by doing so they will fill a particular gap that cannot be filled by conducting any other activity.Compulsive buying could be used as a weapon to express resentment or seek revenge. It may be an attempt to repair bad moods, soothe oneself, project power and wealth or fit into the society and be accepted. Similarly, it could be a response to trauma, stress or a certa in loss or a way to avoid other serious addiction. More so, people try to find control and meaning in life through compulsive buying.Compulsive tendencies are higher among women, but the problem can affect everybody regardless of their age, gender or social status. Research shows younger people, women and the rich have a higher tendency of compulsive purchasing. However, in the current world, there will be variations because some men and the elderly are also trapped in the dangerous cycle. With the creation of credit cards, compulsive buying is no longer for the wealthy because individuals can shop and pay later. In turn, it is evident that the problem affects the society at large since anyone can be affected.The compulsive buying behaviour is two-sided, causing negative effects on an individual and, on the other hand, helps producers to boost their sales as more products are purchased. The findings from the study will largely benefit the society so as to build a better-desired futu re.2.0 Literature ReviewCompulsive buying is a behavioural disorder that leads to severe psychological harm as well as massive financial debts. Various authors have different definitions of this phenomenon. Kellett and Bolton define compulsive buying behaviour as an obsession to buy and get involved in shopping. Further, they describe the urge to buy as irresistible, which leads to a financial downfall because the activity is expensive and is carried out excessively. The onset of the condition starts in the early twenties or late teens and is chronic. According to Kellet and Bolton, there are a broad range of characteristics that describe a person with the condition, for instance, individuals who will spend beyond their earnings, those that spend an overly rated amount of time just shopping and those that actively desire to purchase products but will never have the opportunity to buy (Kellett Bolton, 2009, p. 83).Compulsive buying behaviour is a disorder that affects an individual psychologically, such that one cannot control the urge to buy. The urge to buy is unspeakably huge, which in turn generates massive tension that can be dissipated upon buying. Often, negative feelings trigger the behaviour, which ultimately results in dangerous repercussions for the person involved. Compulsive buyers end up not using the purchased products. Therefore, the behaviour is a relief from some short-term negative feelings rather than an aspiration for particular goods. (Faber, 2010, p. 98)According to Ruth Engs, individuals who "shop until they drop" and often run credit cards until the limit is reached, have a compulsive buying behaviour. They have a strong believe that shopping will ultimately help them feel better. On the contrary, the results are an over whelming bad feeling because of the resultant financial dents. Ruth asserts that compulsive shopping is an addiction, thus, like nsit to other addictive behaviours like alcoholism, overeating and gambling. Compulsive b uying behaviour is temporary because the causes are likewise seasonal. It can arise when a person is lonely, anxious, depressed or angry. This is evident, that the causes only last for a short-term, unlike the consequences that may have a prolonged effect. The behaviour will not heal a broken heart, assure over flow in glove, boost self-esteem, heal regrets, stress or solve day to day problems. Forth is reason, the effects have a prolonged effect, because what the individual thought will be forgotten, after conducting shopping, the condition worsens. The problems double, due to the raised financial debt and the initial problem that caused compulsive shopping remains (Engs, 2009).According to Danziger (2004), compulsive buying occurs when the buyer is not familiar with the layout of the store, the time to shop is limited and upon seeing an item they are reminded of the need to purchase. The compulsion behaviour results whe...

Analysis Of The Book Hot Nigga Essay - 1590 Words

â€Å"About a week ago!† my cousins screamed in unison with enthusiasm. I peeked over my current book, The Secret, and stared at them, partly puzzled, partly annoyed. â€Å"What’s that about?† I enquired after hearing the phrase for the fourth time that day. After finding amusement in my lack of awareness of the phrase and its origin, my cousins took pity on me and explained. They played the hip hop song â€Å"Hot Nigga,’ then proceeded to show me the weird dance move that accompanied it, called the â€Å"Shmoney Dance,† where they bent one leg at a time, in sync with lowered arms and their fists clenched. â€Å"But why?† I had asked. My cousins then told me of the popularity of the phrase, and its overall â€Å"coolness.† They played the song for me and as I paid attention to the lyrics, I noted its constant mention of violence and I wondered if they did as well. While I initially found the lyrics of the song â€Å"Hot Nigga† disturbing, very quickly I realized that although my cousins proclaimed their love for this â€Å"cool† song and repeated the phrase â€Å"About a week ago† with reckless abandonment, they seemed to lack awareness of the rest of the lyrics. This became evident when I asked them to sing it, and the only coherent words they could repeat were those of the phrase â€Å"About a week ago.† Little do they know that Bobby Shmurda, whose real name is Ackquille Pollard, in an interview claimed that the song â€Å"Hot Nigga† was based on his life story. He later retracted this statement when referencing the phraseShow MoreRelated The Perception of African Americans in the Media and How it Affects Their Self-Identity3877 Words   |  16 PagesMuwakkil makes a very strong point when he cites the Kerner Commission’s findings: Whats more, the Kerner Commission (formally known as the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders), which was charged with finding the reasons for the long-hot-summer rebellions, had concluded that the United States was headed dangerously toward two societies, one black, one white, separate and unequal. It blamed the urban unrest on persistent racial discrimination and a historical legacy of disadvantageRead MoreAmerican Slang Essay 115481 Words   |  62 Pages1970, the scholarly collection and analysis of American college slang was at best sporadic. However, in these scattered treatments can be seen traces of the major changes that transformed college slang and college culture by the 1970s. By 1926-27, slang at Kansas University depicted not only â€Å"loose women† but also women students as having sex appeal, with terms like hot-sketch, and mean-baby. University of Missouri slang of 1931 called a â€Å"chic, up-to-date coed† a hot number and â€Å"one who ne cks on a date†

Free Community College Good Or Bad Essay - 1671 Words

Free Community College: Good or Bad Education these days is vital for many job titles. It can become difficult for many people to receive a job without a high school and especially a college education. Most jobs in America, from sales manager to registered nurse and even a construction worker in some cases, require an education past high school. With the cost of college, at average ten thousand dollars at state schools, not accounting for living quarters or even meals, it is leaving many students in large overbearing debt. Many have looked for the solution of this strenuous debt and one of their solution is to make the first two years debt free. By making the first two years of college debt free, it would encourage more people to attend college, expand the educational horizons of our nation, increase employment rates of America, and it could be done without causing a larger debt on America. 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Australian Tax Law Calculating the Capital Gain

Question: Describe about the Australian Tax Law for Calculating the Capital Gain. Answer: Introduction:- The profit or loss, generated from sale of any capital assets, is taxable under Capital Gain Taxation rules[1]. The capital gain or loss is calculated by deducting the cost base of the assets and other expenses, incurred for retaining the ownership of the asset and for selling the asset, from the sales amount received. As per the Australian Taxation Rules, generally if the owner of the asset, holds the asset for less than 12 months, then the total amount of profit will be regarded as taxable. On the other hand, if the asset is owned for more than 12 months, then the assessee can enjoy 50% exemption on the capital gain. However, if the asset is acquired before 21st September, 1999, then the cost base of the asset is calculated under indexetation method and the assessee cannot claim for 50% exemption. Moreover, if the asset is acquired before 20th September,1985, then the asset is treated as pre-CGT asset and no capital gain or capital loss, generated from such asset, is taken into con sideration for taxation purpose. The capital loss is not adjusted with other taxable incomes of the assessee. It is carried forward to the next year and adjusted only with the capital gains. However, the above discussion is based on general rules. There are many exceptions of these acts, through which, assessee can claim exemptions against his/her capital gain or loss. Jonathan, an Australian resident, has sold few assets in the financial year 2015-16. The report is prepared to discuss the consequences and determine the taxable capital gain or loss, generated from the sale of such assets. Sale of Land and Builiding:- The section 108-5 of the Incoe Tax Assement Act defines CGT asset as any kind of property or a equitabke or leagal right that is not a property. Thefore according the act the land and building is cobsidered as capital asset. The transactions or events that results in Capital loss or Capital gain is referred to as Caital gain tax events in the act. The CGT events is classified into various categories in the given case land and building is sold so it falls under the category of disposal of Assets which is a CGT event A1. The common law provides that anything which is attached to the land is part of the land but the law for the purpose of Capital gain tax (CGT) provides that there is an exception to this rule. This exception to the common rule is set out in subdividion 108-D of the Income Tax Assesment Act 1997. The section 108-55 of the Income Tax Assesment Act 1997 particularly provides the circumstances in which is to be treated as a separate asset from the land. It states that if an y building or structure is constructed on or after 20th September 1985 on a land that isacquired before 20th September 1985 then in such cases the building or structure will be treated as a sparate assest than the land. In the given case Jonathan had inherited a block of land on 1st May,1983 from his grandmother. In the year 1996, he had build a house on that vacant land. On 1st November,2015, he sold the house at $11,00,000. The selling of a house is a CGT A1 event under the category of disposal of asset. The land on which the house was contructed was acquired before 20th September 1985 therefore it is a pre CGT event. According to the section 108-55 (2) of the Income Tax Assesment Act 1997 the land and the building therefore should be treated as a separate asset. The section 104-20 of the Income Tax Assesment Act states that when an asset is destroyed or lost then it is considered as a CGT C1 event. In the given there was a fire on 23rd July of 2015 that destroyed the garden shed of Jonathans house. Therefore it is a CGT C1 event as per section 108-5 of the Icome Tax assesmwnt Act 1997. Sale of Land:- As per the market value, the land worth $600,000 at the time of the sale. The land was acquired by Jonathan before 20th September,1985. Before building the house there, he had not made any capital improvement on that land. Therefore, the land should be treated as pre-CGT asset and not be considered for capital gain or loss[2]. Jonathan had incurred $4000 as legal fees to retain the ownership of the land. He had incurred advertisement expenses and stamp duty charges for selling both the properties jointly. Therefore, proportionate amounts of both the expenses and the full amount of legal fees should be accounted for the land also[3].As the sale of the land is exempted from the total assessable income of Jonathan, the expenses, incurred in account for the land is also not included in the deductible expenses for taxation purpose. Sale of Building:- The section 100-45 of the Income tax Assesment Act 1997 provides the procedure for calculating capital gain or loss for most of the CGT events. The process provided in the section firstly required to ascertain the capital proceed from the CGT event. Then it is required to work out the cost base for the CGT asset. After that the cost basee should be deducted from the proceeds of the CGT event. Then if the proceed is in ecess of the cost base then it is a capital gain or eitherwise it is a capital loss. There are three methods of calculating capital gain they are discount method, indexation method and other methods. In the discount method the individual, partnership and trusts are allowed to rduce its capital gain by 50%. The companies are not allowed to avail this deduction. In the indexation method it is allowed to increase the base cost of the asset by applying consumer price index upto September 1999. The indexation method can be applied only if the asset is acquired before 11:45 a m of 21st September 1999. Further it is aso required that the assets should be held for for more than 12 months. The other method is applicable to the assets held for less than 12 month and the method is also simple the cost of the asset is subtracted from the capitl procceds. The tax payer can choose any of the method for calculating capital gain after the date of purchasing the asset and the number of years it is held. For example if an asset is sold which is held for less than 12 months then only the other method can be used. If the asset is held for more than 12 months and the asset is purchased before 11:45 a.m of the 21st September 1999 then both the method can be used for calculating the capital gain. If the asset is purchased after the 21st September 1999 11:45 a.m and the asset is held for more than 12 months then only the discounting method can be used for calculating the capital gain. In the given case the building is made by Jonathan ten years ago on 2006. The building was owned by him for more than 2 years. The building ws constructed after 1999 therefore only discounting method can be used for working out capital gain. On the other hand, being an individual tax payee, Jonathan can also consider the original cost of the house,i.e.,$300,000 as the cost base and use the discount method for calculating the capital gain or loss from the asset. The sales consideration of the building should be ($110000-$600000) $500000 as the total sales amount is based on both the land and building. For computing the capital gain or loss on the sale of building, the pexpenses, incurredfor advertisement and stamp duties should be added with the cost base proportionately and the interest on loan for building and the balance of the mortgage should be added fully with the base. However, Jonathan ha been using the building as his permanent residence for the last ten years. According to the Australian taxation rules, the sale of such permanent residential property of the taxpayer should be exempted from the capital gain or loss calculation. Therefore, Jonathan will not have to pay capital gain tax on the amount received from the sale of the building. Sale of Paintings:- As per section 108-10(2) of the income Tax Assesment Act 1997 the defination of collectibles includes artwork, jewellery,coin, manuscript or book, a reare folio, a firstday cover postage stamp. It is also provided in the section 108-10(1) of the Income Tax ssesment Act 1997 that while computing the capital gain or loss of the income year the capital loss arising from collectible can only be used against capital gain from collectibles. The section 108-10(4) also provides that if the loss from collectible remains uapplied for the income year then it can be used to set off against the capital gain of collectible for the next income year. According to the above sections the valuable paintings are considered as collectables. The Australian taxation rules also provides that collectables items, acquired for $500 or less or valued $500 or less at the time of acquisition are exmpted from capital gain taxation. Jonathan had acquired the painting on 1999 for $800000 and retained the ownership for more than 2 years. Therefore, the painting should be considered as an CGT asset and profit or loss, generated from the sale of the painting must be considered as capital gain or loss for taxation purpose. Sale of Car:- The section 108-20(2) of the Income Tax Assesment Act 1997 defines personal asset as those CGT assets that is primarily used for personal use or enjoyment, it includes right or option and also includes debt arising from the CGT event. The section 108-20(1) of the Income Tax Assesment Act 1997 provides that while calculating capital gain or loss for the income year any capital loss that is made from personal use asset is disregarded. As per section 108-20(2) the motor car is therefore personal asset. It is also provided that the sale of personal motor car, which can carry less than one tone loadings and less than nine passengers, should be exempted from CGT calculation. The car owned by Jonathan falls under the above category. It has been owned by Jonathan for more than 2 years and used for his personal amusement and purpose only. Therefore, it will be not treated as CGT asset and the profit or loss from the sale of the car should be exempted from taxation[4]. Sale of Shares:- The section 108-5 of the Income Tax Assesment Act provides that capital assets include any kind of property and also legal or equitable right that is not property. Therfore in accordance with the definition of this section shares are also CGT assets. It ois also provided that shares are treated as CGT assets, if it do not belongs to any pool development fund, and sale of shares should be included in the capital gain or loss of the taxpayee. Jonathan had equity and preference shares in a limited company. Therefore, the sale of transferring ownership of shares should be considered for CGT calculation. Transfer of Common Shares:- Jonathan had acquired the ordinary shares on 2005. In the current taxation year, he had transferred the shares to his daughter at nil consideration. As per the taxation rules, in the case of transfer of ownership to close relatives at nil consideration or at lower value, the sale consideration for taxation purpose should be determined at the market value of the asset instead of the actual amount of consideration. The common shares have a market value of $5.50 each. Therefore, Jonathan has to pay CGT on the transfer of shares, based on the market valuation of 200 shares, i.e., $5500. The legal fees for the transfer should be included in the cost base for determining the net capital gain or loss. Jonathan can claim 50% exemption on the capital gain, as he owned the shares for more than 2 years. Redemption of Preference Shares:- For the redemption of the preference shares to the company, Jonathan also has to payt CGT on the transfer of such shares. In this case, the sales consideration will be the redemption value of the preference shares and 50% exemption on the capital gain will be allowed due to retaining the shares for more than 2 years by the taxpayee. Calculation of Capital Gain or Loss:- On the basis of the above discussion, the capital gain or loss, arising from the disposal of assets, of Jonathan for the financial year 2015-16, is calculated below: Taxpayee: Mr.Jonathan Calculation for Taxable Capital Gain For the Taxation Year 2015-16 Particulars Amount Capital Gain or Loss from Sale of Land Exempted Capital Gain or Loss from Sale of Building Exempted Capital Gain or Loss from Sale of Car Exempted Capital Gain or Loss from Sale of Painting: Sale Proceeds of Painting 750000 Less : Cost Base of the Painting 800000 Capital Loss on Paintings A -50000 Capital Gain or Loss from Redemption of Preference Shares: Sale Proceeds of Preference Shares 500 Less : Cost Base of the Shares 400 Less : 50% Exemption 50 Taxable Capital Gain on Preference Shares B 50 Capital Gain or Loss from Transfer of Ordinary Shares: Market value of the shares 5500 Less : Cost Base of the Shares 1200 Less: Legal Fees 190 4110 Less : 50% Exemption 2055 Taxable Capital Gain on Preference Shares C 2055 NET TAXABLE CAPITAL GAIN B+C 2105 Conclusion:- As per the above table, Jonathan has to pay tax on the Capital gain, amounted to $2105. The capital loss on the paintings has not been set off against the capital gains from shares, as the loss from collectables can only be adjusted with the capital gain from other collectables. Therefore, the capital loss of $50000 from sale of the paintings will be carried forward to the following year and may get adjusted, if Jonathan can earn any capital gain from sale of other collectable items. Bibliography:- Ato.gov.au. (2016).Exemptions | Australian Taxation Office. [online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Capital-gains-tax/CGT-exemptions,-rollovers-and-concessions/Exemptions/#collectables [Accessed 27 Aug. 2016]. Ato.gov.au. (2016).Selling your home | Australian Taxation Office. [online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/General/capital-gains-tax/your-home-and-other-real-estate/selling-your-home/ [Accessed 27 Aug. 2016]. Ato.gov.au. (2016).The indexation method of calculating your capital gain | Australian Taxation Office. [online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Capital-gains-tax/In-detail/Calculating-a-capital-gain-or-loss/The-indexation-method-of-calculating-your-capital-gain/ [Accessed 27 Aug. 2016]. Ato.gov.au. (2016).Transferring real estate to family or friends | Australian Taxation Office. [online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Capital-gains-tax/In-detail/Real-estate/Transferring-real-estate-to-family-or-friends/?page=3 [Accessed 27 Aug. 2016]. Ato.gov.au. (2016).Working out your net capital gain or loss | Australian Taxation Office. [online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/General/capital-gains-tax/working-out-your-capital-gain-or-loss/working-out-your-net-capital-gain-or-loss/ [Accessed 27 Aug. 2016]. [1] Income Tax ASSESSMENT Act 1997 sub-s 102-5 (1). [2] Income Tax ASSESSMENT Act 1997 sub-S 109 5 (2) [3]Australian Income Tax Legislation, 2016 (CCH Australia, 2016). [4][4] Income Tax ASSESSMENT Act 1997 sub-S 118 - 5